A Constructive Critique of The Politics of Islamic Criminal Law in A Constitutional State
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61842/swq/v4i1.57
Abstract
The tension between Islamic criminal law and the constitutional state has often been framed as a matter of normative compatibility rather than a problem of legal political paradigm. Public discourse tends to represent jināyah reductively as merely a symbol of punishment, thereby ignoring its ethical dimensions and protective purposes. This study aims to analyze how Islamic criminal law is positioned within the defensive logic of the constitutional state, while offering a reconstruction from the politics of formalization towards the substantialization of values. The method used is normative legal research with a conceptual and philosophical approach, through an analysis of the theory of the rule of law, legal politics, and the principles of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah. The results of the study show that the main problem does not lie in the inherent conflict between jināyah and the constitution, but rather in the state's verificative and subordinative approach, as well as in the orientation of normative struggles that are trapped in legislative symbols. The novelty of this research lies in the shift of analysis from formalistic debate to substantive integration based on the values of protection and justice, while offering a dialogical framework that allows Islamic criminal law to transform into a source of public ethics that is constitutional, rational, and relevant to the development of national criminal law.
References
Adzanah Mariska Salsabila, Enceng Arif Faizal, Deden Najmudin, Mohamad Syahreza Pahlevi. “Islamic Criminal Law Criticism of Article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on the Application of Qishash Punishment.” Jurnal Hukum Islam 25, no. 2 (2025). http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/hi.v25i2.38792.
Ahmad Zainal Mustofa, Nurus Syarifah. “Politik Ofensif Amerika Serikat Terhadap Sikap Defensif Iran: Dari Perang Proksi Hingga Dominasi.” Indonesian Journal of International Relations 5, no. 2 (2021): 118–39. https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v5i2.203.
Al-Farisi, Leli Salman. “Politik Hukum Islam Di Indonesia; Membedah Kerancuan Bukan Negara Agama Dan Bukan Negara Sekuler.” Aspirasi 11, no. 2 (2021): 20–35. http://aspirasi.unwir.ac.id/index.php/aspirasi/article/view/72.
Al-Mawardi, Abu al-Hasan bin Muhammad bin Habib. Al-Aḥkām Al-Sulṭāniyyah Wa Al-Wilāyāt Al-Dīniyyah. Kuwait: Jami’ah Kuwait - Qism al-’Ulum al-Siyasah, 1058.
Al-QādirʿAudah, ʿAbd. At-Tasyri’ Al-Jinā’ī Al-Islāmī Muqāranan Bi Al-Qānūn Al-Waḍ‘ī Juz 2. Beirut: Mu’assasah ar-Risalah, 1992.
Al-Shāṭibī, Abū Isḥāq. Al-Muwafaqāt Fī Uṣūl Al-Sharīʿah Juz 2. Al-Qohiroh: Dar al-Hadith, 1388.
Al-Zuḥaylī, Wahbah. Al-Fiqh Al-Islāmī Wa Adillatuh Juz 6. Damaskus: Dar al-Fikr li al-Toba’ah wa al-Tauzi’ wa al-Natsr bi Damsyq, 1984.
Anggoro, Syahriza Alkohir. “Politik Hukum: Mencari Sejumlah Penjelasan.” Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum 10, no. 1 (2019): 77–86. https://doi.org/10.26905/idjch.v10i1.2871.
Aseri, Muhsin. “Politik Hukum Islam Di Indonesia.” Al-Qalam: Journal of Religious and Social Scientific 9, no. 17 (2016): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35931/aq.v0i0.57.
Bourdieu, P. “Symbolic Power.” Sage Journals Critique of Anthropology 4, no. 13–14 (1979): 77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X7900401307.
Dwiana Adinda, Alfah Salam, Ardian Ramadhan, Adam Narendra, Masykuri Anasti, Jerry Yanto. “Politik Hukum Dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia.” Wathan: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora 1, no. 1 (2024): 12–25. https://doi.org/10.71153/wathan.v1i1.16.
Dworkin, Ronald. Freedom’s Law: The Moral Reading of the American Constitution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Eko Saputra, Ahmad Fathoni, Mushliati. “Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Pandangan Ibnu ‘Asyur: Analisis Q.S Al-Maidah: 32 Tafsir Al-Tahrir Wa Al-Tanwir.” Islamic Insights Journal 5, no. 2 (2023): 65–73. https://islamicinsights.ub.ac.id/index.php/insights/article/view/107.
Ery Pamungkas, Maslihati Nur Hidayati. “Instrumentalisasi Hukum Dan Ketahanan Demokrasi.” Tasyri’: Journal of Islamic Law 4, no. 1 (2025): 609–34. https://doi.org/10.53038/tsyr.v4i1.420.
Fachrul Mubaraq, Ferdi Hasayangan Dalimunthe, Muhammad Alviano. “Keadilan, Diyat Dan Pemaafan Dalam Ayat Qiṣāṣ: Kajian Etis Terhadap Surah Al-Baqarah.” Sujud: Jurnal Agama, Sosial Dan Budaya 2, no. 1 (2026): 908–14. https://doi.org/10.63822/kxfx2g24.
Faezy Adenan, Nurul Hanani Fadzil, Al-Aswa Ab Latif, Muhammad Hamizan Ab Hamid, Mohd Izzat AmsyarMohd Arif, Muhammad Syahrul Deen Ahmad Rosli. “Dharuriyat Al-Khams and Its Relation to the Protection of the Environment.” Al-Qanatir 30, no. 2 (2023): 38–47. https://al-qanatir.com/aq/article/view/669.
Fauzi Fathur Rosi, Puji Wage Astuti. “Konsep Keadilan Dalam QS. Al-Maidah Ayat 8 Dan Ayat 42 (Studi Komparatif Tafsir Al-Manar Dan Tafsir Al-Azhar).” Ma Had Aly Journal of Islamic Studies 4, no. 1 (2025): 49–57. https://doi.org/10.63398/xn8q1z97.
Femia, Joseph. “Hegemony and Consciousness in the Thought of Antonio Gramsci.” Sage Journals Political Studies 23, no. 1 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1975.tb00044.x.
Friedman, Lawrence M. The Legal System: Social Science Perspective. II. Bandung: Penerbit Nusa Media, 2019.
Habermas, Jürgen. Autonomy and Solidarity: Interviews with Jürgen Habermas. London: British Library Cataloguing, 1986.
Iqbal, Mahathir Muhammad. “Dinamika Wacana Formalisasi Syariat Dalam Politik: Ikhtiar Menemukan Relevansi Relasi Agama Dan Negara Perspektif Indonesia.” Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 22, no. 1 (2017): 83–104. https://doi.org/10.21580/ws.22.1.260.
Irawan, Dodi. “Jinayah Dan Siyasah Dalam Konsep Pendidikan Islam.” Pengertian: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 3, no. 1 (2025): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.61930/pjpi.v3i1.1009.
Liyanto, David Cristian. “Kedudukan Partai Oposisi Dalam Mewujudkan Check and Balances Di Politik Hukum Indonesia.” Jurnal Analisis Hukum 7, no. 2 (2024): 131–42. https://doi.org/10.38043/jah.v7i2.5238.
Loso Judijanto, Zulkham Sadat Zuwanda. “Bibliometric Analysis of Islamic Criminal Law Research in the Modern Legal System.” West Science Islamic Studies 3, no. 1 (2025): 45–52. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsiss.v3i01.1616.
Lukman Nul Hakim, Iffatul Bayyinah. “Etika Sosial Perspektif Mufassir Nusantara: Kajian QS. Al-Hujurat Ayat 9-13 Dalam Tafsir Al-Ibriz.” Al-Shameila: Journal of Quranic and Hadith Studies 1, no. 1 (2023): 70–86. https://doi.org/10.61994/alshamela.v1i1.33.
Marzuki Wahid, Rumadi. Fiqh Madzhab Negara: Kritik Atas Politik Hukum Islam Di Indonesia. II. Yogyakarta: PT LKiS Printing Cemerlang, 2011.
Mulyawan, Fitra, Yulinda, Kiki, Tiara, Dora. “Politik Hukum Dalam Bidang Hukum Keluarga Islam.” Ensiklopedia of Journal 3, no. 2 (2021): 11–122. https://repo.unespadang.ac.id/id/eprint/350%0A.
Munir, Sirojul. “Pengaruh Hukum Islam Terhadap Politik Hukum Indonesia.” Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 13, no. 2 (2014): 127–55. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/162970-ID-none.pdf.
Poorghorban, Younes. “On Michel Foucault: Power/Knowledge, Discourse, and Subjectivity.” Okara: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra 17, no. 2 (2023): 318–28. https://doi.org/10.19105/ojbs.v17i2.9749.
Priyono, Juniawan. “Uji Falsifikasi Konsepsi Ketahanan Nasional Sebagai Geostrategi Indonesia.” Jurnal Perthanan Dan Bela Negara 7, no. 2 (2017): 115–31. https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v7i2.182.
Rahardjo, Satjipto. “Hukum Progresif: Hukum Yang Membebaskan.” Jurnal Hukum Progresif 1, no. 1 (2005): 1–24.
Rawls, John. “The Idea of Public Reason Revisited.” The University of Chicago Law Review 64, no. 3 (1997): 765–807. https://doi.org/10.2307/1600311.
Salsabila, Adzanah Mariska. “Reform of State Administrative Law from the Perspective of Fiqh Siyasah on Public Services to Achieve Good Governance in Indonesia.” Siyasah Wa Qanuniyah: Jurnal Ilmiah Ma’had Aly Raudhatul Ma’arif 3, no. 2 (2025): 135–51. https://doi.org/10.61842/swq/v3i2.51.
Sari, Ayumi Kartika. “Pengaruh Politik Hukum Dalam Penegakan Hukum Di Indonesia.” Dalihan Na Tolu: Jurnal Hukum, Politik Dan Komunikasi Indonesia 2, no. 1 (2023): 51–58. https://doi.org/10.58471/dalihannatolu.v2i02.241.
Schofield, Philip. “The First Steps Rightly Directed in the Track of Legislation: Jeremy Bentham on Cesare Beccaria’s Essay on Crimes and Punishments.” Diciottesimo Secolo 4, no. 1 (2019): 65–74. https://doi.org/10.13128/ds-25439.
Setiawan, Mahbub. Islamisasi Nusantara: Dari Episteme Ke Rezim Kebenaran. Jawa Timur: Academia Publication, 2023.
Syafira Saragih, Yansa Alif Mulya El. “Melihat Persepsi Korupsi Masyarakat: Analisis Kolektivisme Dan Gaya Pengambilan Keputusan.” JPFI: Jurnal Psikologi Forensik Indonesia 4, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.71088/jpfi.v4i1.46.
Syahrul Fauzan Putra Rinaldi, Lyestie Marlya Anggrainy, Cindy Livia Malva, Tiara Desita Sari, Mohammad Alvi Pratama. “Hukum Positivisme: Analisis Pemikiran Hans Kelsen Tentang Grundnorm.” Nusantara: Jurnal Pendidikan, Seni, Sains Dan Sosial Humaniora 3, no. 1 (2025): 1–25. https://journal.forikami.com/index.php/nusantara/article/view/961.
Titit Fridawati, Khairol Gunawan, Reza Andika, Muhammad Rafi, Rafsanjadi Ramadhan, Muhammad Isan. “Perkembangan Teori Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Di Indonesia: Kajian Pustaka Terhadap Literatur Hukum Pidana.” Jimmi: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Multidisiplin 1, no. 3 (2024): 317–28. https://doi.org/10.71153/jimmi.v1i3.149.
Unger, Roberto Mangabeira. Politics: A Work in Constructive Social Theory. I. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
Wahyuni, Sri. Politik Hukum Islam Pasca Orde Baru. Yogyakarta: Gapura Publishing.com, 2014.
Watson, Alan. Legal Transplants: An Approach to Comparative Law. Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1993.
Yuni Roslaili, Faisal Fauzan, Suparwani. “Islamic Criminal Law in a Plural Legal Order: A Systematic Literature Review of Qanun Jinayah Effectiveness in Aceh, Indonesia.” El-Hadhanah: Indonesian Journal Of Family Law And Islamic Law 5, no. 2 (2025): 115–30. https://doi.org/10.22373/hadhanah.v5i2.7885.
Zahrah, Muḥammad Abū. Al-Jarīmah Wa Al-‘Uqūbah Fī Al-Fiqh Al-Islāmī. Damaskus: Dar al-Fikr, 1984.
Zumiyati Sanu Ibrahim, Suud Sarim Karimullah, Andi Istiqlal Assaad, Rina Septiani, Huseyin Okur. “Integration of Maqaṣid Al-Shari’ah in the Criminal Law Reform to Achieve Justice and Human Dignity.” Jurnal Hukum Islam 23, no. 1 (2025): 105–44. https://doi.org/10.28918/jhi.v23i1.04.
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Adzanah Mariska Salsabila. (2026). A Constructive Critique of The Politics of Islamic Criminal Law in A Constitutional State. Siyasah Wa Qanuniyah : Jurnal Ilmiah Ma’had Aly Raudhatul Ma’arif, 4(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.61842/swq/v4i1.57
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Copyright (c) 2026 Adzanah Mariska Salsabila
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61842/swq/v4i1.57Abstract
The tension between Islamic criminal law and the constitutional state has often been framed as a matter of normative compatibility rather than a problem of legal political paradigm. Public discourse tends to represent jināyah reductively as merely a symbol of punishment, thereby ignoring its ethical dimensions and protective purposes. This study aims to analyze how Islamic criminal law is positioned within the defensive logic of the constitutional state, while offering a reconstruction from the politics of formalization towards the substantialization of values. The method used is normative legal research with a conceptual and philosophical approach, through an analysis of the theory of the rule of law, legal politics, and the principles of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah. The results of the study show that the main problem does not lie in the inherent conflict between jināyah and the constitution, but rather in the state's verificative and subordinative approach, as well as in the orientation of normative struggles that are trapped in legislative symbols. The novelty of this research lies in the shift of analysis from formalistic debate to substantive integration based on the values of protection and justice, while offering a dialogical framework that allows Islamic criminal law to transform into a source of public ethics that is constitutional, rational, and relevant to the development of national criminal law.
References
Adzanah Mariska Salsabila, Enceng Arif Faizal, Deden Najmudin, Mohamad Syahreza Pahlevi. “Islamic Criminal Law Criticism of Article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on the Application of Qishash Punishment.” Jurnal Hukum Islam 25, no. 2 (2025). http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/hi.v25i2.38792.
Ahmad Zainal Mustofa, Nurus Syarifah. “Politik Ofensif Amerika Serikat Terhadap Sikap Defensif Iran: Dari Perang Proksi Hingga Dominasi.” Indonesian Journal of International Relations 5, no. 2 (2021): 118–39. https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v5i2.203.
Al-Farisi, Leli Salman. “Politik Hukum Islam Di Indonesia; Membedah Kerancuan Bukan Negara Agama Dan Bukan Negara Sekuler.” Aspirasi 11, no. 2 (2021): 20–35. http://aspirasi.unwir.ac.id/index.php/aspirasi/article/view/72.
Al-Mawardi, Abu al-Hasan bin Muhammad bin Habib. Al-Aḥkām Al-Sulṭāniyyah Wa Al-Wilāyāt Al-Dīniyyah. Kuwait: Jami’ah Kuwait - Qism al-’Ulum al-Siyasah, 1058.
Al-QādirʿAudah, ʿAbd. At-Tasyri’ Al-Jinā’ī Al-Islāmī Muqāranan Bi Al-Qānūn Al-Waḍ‘ī Juz 2. Beirut: Mu’assasah ar-Risalah, 1992.
Al-Shāṭibī, Abū Isḥāq. Al-Muwafaqāt Fī Uṣūl Al-Sharīʿah Juz 2. Al-Qohiroh: Dar al-Hadith, 1388.
Al-Zuḥaylī, Wahbah. Al-Fiqh Al-Islāmī Wa Adillatuh Juz 6. Damaskus: Dar al-Fikr li al-Toba’ah wa al-Tauzi’ wa al-Natsr bi Damsyq, 1984.
Anggoro, Syahriza Alkohir. “Politik Hukum: Mencari Sejumlah Penjelasan.” Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum 10, no. 1 (2019): 77–86. https://doi.org/10.26905/idjch.v10i1.2871.
Aseri, Muhsin. “Politik Hukum Islam Di Indonesia.” Al-Qalam: Journal of Religious and Social Scientific 9, no. 17 (2016): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35931/aq.v0i0.57.
Bourdieu, P. “Symbolic Power.” Sage Journals Critique of Anthropology 4, no. 13–14 (1979): 77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X7900401307.
Dwiana Adinda, Alfah Salam, Ardian Ramadhan, Adam Narendra, Masykuri Anasti, Jerry Yanto. “Politik Hukum Dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia.” Wathan: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora 1, no. 1 (2024): 12–25. https://doi.org/10.71153/wathan.v1i1.16.
Dworkin, Ronald. Freedom’s Law: The Moral Reading of the American Constitution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Eko Saputra, Ahmad Fathoni, Mushliati. “Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Pandangan Ibnu ‘Asyur: Analisis Q.S Al-Maidah: 32 Tafsir Al-Tahrir Wa Al-Tanwir.” Islamic Insights Journal 5, no. 2 (2023): 65–73. https://islamicinsights.ub.ac.id/index.php/insights/article/view/107.
Ery Pamungkas, Maslihati Nur Hidayati. “Instrumentalisasi Hukum Dan Ketahanan Demokrasi.” Tasyri’: Journal of Islamic Law 4, no. 1 (2025): 609–34. https://doi.org/10.53038/tsyr.v4i1.420.
Fachrul Mubaraq, Ferdi Hasayangan Dalimunthe, Muhammad Alviano. “Keadilan, Diyat Dan Pemaafan Dalam Ayat Qiṣāṣ: Kajian Etis Terhadap Surah Al-Baqarah.” Sujud: Jurnal Agama, Sosial Dan Budaya 2, no. 1 (2026): 908–14. https://doi.org/10.63822/kxfx2g24.
Faezy Adenan, Nurul Hanani Fadzil, Al-Aswa Ab Latif, Muhammad Hamizan Ab Hamid, Mohd Izzat AmsyarMohd Arif, Muhammad Syahrul Deen Ahmad Rosli. “Dharuriyat Al-Khams and Its Relation to the Protection of the Environment.” Al-Qanatir 30, no. 2 (2023): 38–47. https://al-qanatir.com/aq/article/view/669.
Fauzi Fathur Rosi, Puji Wage Astuti. “Konsep Keadilan Dalam QS. Al-Maidah Ayat 8 Dan Ayat 42 (Studi Komparatif Tafsir Al-Manar Dan Tafsir Al-Azhar).” Ma Had Aly Journal of Islamic Studies 4, no. 1 (2025): 49–57. https://doi.org/10.63398/xn8q1z97.
Femia, Joseph. “Hegemony and Consciousness in the Thought of Antonio Gramsci.” Sage Journals Political Studies 23, no. 1 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1975.tb00044.x.
Friedman, Lawrence M. The Legal System: Social Science Perspective. II. Bandung: Penerbit Nusa Media, 2019.
Habermas, Jürgen. Autonomy and Solidarity: Interviews with Jürgen Habermas. London: British Library Cataloguing, 1986.
Iqbal, Mahathir Muhammad. “Dinamika Wacana Formalisasi Syariat Dalam Politik: Ikhtiar Menemukan Relevansi Relasi Agama Dan Negara Perspektif Indonesia.” Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 22, no. 1 (2017): 83–104. https://doi.org/10.21580/ws.22.1.260.
Irawan, Dodi. “Jinayah Dan Siyasah Dalam Konsep Pendidikan Islam.” Pengertian: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 3, no. 1 (2025): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.61930/pjpi.v3i1.1009.
Liyanto, David Cristian. “Kedudukan Partai Oposisi Dalam Mewujudkan Check and Balances Di Politik Hukum Indonesia.” Jurnal Analisis Hukum 7, no. 2 (2024): 131–42. https://doi.org/10.38043/jah.v7i2.5238.
Loso Judijanto, Zulkham Sadat Zuwanda. “Bibliometric Analysis of Islamic Criminal Law Research in the Modern Legal System.” West Science Islamic Studies 3, no. 1 (2025): 45–52. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsiss.v3i01.1616.
Lukman Nul Hakim, Iffatul Bayyinah. “Etika Sosial Perspektif Mufassir Nusantara: Kajian QS. Al-Hujurat Ayat 9-13 Dalam Tafsir Al-Ibriz.” Al-Shameila: Journal of Quranic and Hadith Studies 1, no. 1 (2023): 70–86. https://doi.org/10.61994/alshamela.v1i1.33.
Marzuki Wahid, Rumadi. Fiqh Madzhab Negara: Kritik Atas Politik Hukum Islam Di Indonesia. II. Yogyakarta: PT LKiS Printing Cemerlang, 2011.
Mulyawan, Fitra, Yulinda, Kiki, Tiara, Dora. “Politik Hukum Dalam Bidang Hukum Keluarga Islam.” Ensiklopedia of Journal 3, no. 2 (2021): 11–122. https://repo.unespadang.ac.id/id/eprint/350%0A.
Munir, Sirojul. “Pengaruh Hukum Islam Terhadap Politik Hukum Indonesia.” Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 13, no. 2 (2014): 127–55. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/162970-ID-none.pdf.
Poorghorban, Younes. “On Michel Foucault: Power/Knowledge, Discourse, and Subjectivity.” Okara: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra 17, no. 2 (2023): 318–28. https://doi.org/10.19105/ojbs.v17i2.9749.
Priyono, Juniawan. “Uji Falsifikasi Konsepsi Ketahanan Nasional Sebagai Geostrategi Indonesia.” Jurnal Perthanan Dan Bela Negara 7, no. 2 (2017): 115–31. https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v7i2.182.
Rahardjo, Satjipto. “Hukum Progresif: Hukum Yang Membebaskan.” Jurnal Hukum Progresif 1, no. 1 (2005): 1–24.
Rawls, John. “The Idea of Public Reason Revisited.” The University of Chicago Law Review 64, no. 3 (1997): 765–807. https://doi.org/10.2307/1600311.
Salsabila, Adzanah Mariska. “Reform of State Administrative Law from the Perspective of Fiqh Siyasah on Public Services to Achieve Good Governance in Indonesia.” Siyasah Wa Qanuniyah: Jurnal Ilmiah Ma’had Aly Raudhatul Ma’arif 3, no. 2 (2025): 135–51. https://doi.org/10.61842/swq/v3i2.51.
Sari, Ayumi Kartika. “Pengaruh Politik Hukum Dalam Penegakan Hukum Di Indonesia.” Dalihan Na Tolu: Jurnal Hukum, Politik Dan Komunikasi Indonesia 2, no. 1 (2023): 51–58. https://doi.org/10.58471/dalihannatolu.v2i02.241.
Schofield, Philip. “The First Steps Rightly Directed in the Track of Legislation: Jeremy Bentham on Cesare Beccaria’s Essay on Crimes and Punishments.” Diciottesimo Secolo 4, no. 1 (2019): 65–74. https://doi.org/10.13128/ds-25439.
Setiawan, Mahbub. Islamisasi Nusantara: Dari Episteme Ke Rezim Kebenaran. Jawa Timur: Academia Publication, 2023.
Syafira Saragih, Yansa Alif Mulya El. “Melihat Persepsi Korupsi Masyarakat: Analisis Kolektivisme Dan Gaya Pengambilan Keputusan.” JPFI: Jurnal Psikologi Forensik Indonesia 4, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.71088/jpfi.v4i1.46.
Syahrul Fauzan Putra Rinaldi, Lyestie Marlya Anggrainy, Cindy Livia Malva, Tiara Desita Sari, Mohammad Alvi Pratama. “Hukum Positivisme: Analisis Pemikiran Hans Kelsen Tentang Grundnorm.” Nusantara: Jurnal Pendidikan, Seni, Sains Dan Sosial Humaniora 3, no. 1 (2025): 1–25. https://journal.forikami.com/index.php/nusantara/article/view/961.
Titit Fridawati, Khairol Gunawan, Reza Andika, Muhammad Rafi, Rafsanjadi Ramadhan, Muhammad Isan. “Perkembangan Teori Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Di Indonesia: Kajian Pustaka Terhadap Literatur Hukum Pidana.” Jimmi: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Multidisiplin 1, no. 3 (2024): 317–28. https://doi.org/10.71153/jimmi.v1i3.149.
Unger, Roberto Mangabeira. Politics: A Work in Constructive Social Theory. I. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
Wahyuni, Sri. Politik Hukum Islam Pasca Orde Baru. Yogyakarta: Gapura Publishing.com, 2014.
Watson, Alan. Legal Transplants: An Approach to Comparative Law. Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1993.
Yuni Roslaili, Faisal Fauzan, Suparwani. “Islamic Criminal Law in a Plural Legal Order: A Systematic Literature Review of Qanun Jinayah Effectiveness in Aceh, Indonesia.” El-Hadhanah: Indonesian Journal Of Family Law And Islamic Law 5, no. 2 (2025): 115–30. https://doi.org/10.22373/hadhanah.v5i2.7885.
Zahrah, Muḥammad Abū. Al-Jarīmah Wa Al-‘Uqūbah Fī Al-Fiqh Al-Islāmī. Damaskus: Dar al-Fikr, 1984.
Zumiyati Sanu Ibrahim, Suud Sarim Karimullah, Andi Istiqlal Assaad, Rina Septiani, Huseyin Okur. “Integration of Maqaṣid Al-Shari’ah in the Criminal Law Reform to Achieve Justice and Human Dignity.” Jurnal Hukum Islam 23, no. 1 (2025): 105–44. https://doi.org/10.28918/jhi.v23i1.04.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Adzanah Mariska Salsabila
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are accessible to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so reasonably but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits
