Freedom of Expression In Indonesia’s Democratic System
: A Fiqh Siyasah Analysis From The Perspective of Maqāṣid Asy-Syarī’ah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61842/swq/v3i2.52
Keywords:
Freedom of Expression Democracy Maqāṣid Al-Shariah Indonesia
Abstract
This study examines freedom of expression in democratic systems from the perspective of maqāṣid asy-syarī‘ah, aiming to analyze the relevance and limitations of the right to express opinions for citizens and their relation to public welfare. The research employs a qualitative library research approach, reviewing classical and contemporary literature on Islamic law, political jurisprudence, the Indonesian constitution, and democratic principles. Analysis focuses on identifying relevant concepts, values, and normative arguments linked to the protection of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property. The findings indicate that freedom of expression is a fundamental right enabling active citizen participation in public decision-making and governmental oversight. From an Islamic perspective, this right aligns with maqāṣid asy-syarī‘ah, particularly hifẓ al-‘aql, requiring responsible development of intellectual capacity. Freedom of expression is relative and must be exercised with ethics, law, and social responsibility, supporting the achievement of collective welfare without harming individuals or society.
References
Abdurrahman. “Hukum kebebasan berpendapat dan informasi: tinjauan filosofis terhadap pasal 22 deklarasi kairo.” STAIN sultan Abdurrahman Kepulauan Riau, 2018.
Aizid, Rizem. Sejarah Peradaban Islam Terlengkap. Diva Press, 2021.
Al-Ghazālī, Ḥujjah al-Islām Abu Hamid Muḥammad bin Muḥammad. Ihyā Ulūm Ad-Dīn. Dār Al-Ma’rifah, 1431.
Asep Mahbub dan Siti Ngainnur Rohmah. “Relevansi Hak Kebebasan mengeluarkan Pendaapt Dalam Pasal 28e Ayat 3 Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Negara Repoblik Indonesia Terhadap Kajian Kajian Fikih Siasah.” (Jurnal-- Institut Agama Islam Al-Zaytun Indonesia (IAI AL-AZIS), t.t.
Az-Zuḥailī, Wahbah. Al-Fiqh al-Islam wa ’Adilatuh. 1987 ed. Dār Al-Fikr, t.t.
Busyro. Dasar-Dsar Filosofis Hukum Islam. Ponorogo, 2016.
Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad bin Muḥammad al-. Mīzān al-‘Amal. Dār al-Ma‘ārif, 1964.
Ghazali, Muhammad al-. Al-Mustashfa min Ilm al-Ushul. Dār al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, t.t.
Hai’ah al-Tahrir. Al-Mausu’ah al-Islamiah al-‘Ammah. Wazarat wa al-Majlis al-‘Ala li al-Syu’un al-Islamiah, t.t.
Ibn al-Katsir. al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah. Maktabah Syamilah, t.t.
Ibn Asyur, Thahir. Maqashid al-Syari’at al-Islamiyat. Dar Sukhnun, 2020.
Ibn Kasir. Tafsir ibn Katsir. Dār al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, t.t.
Ibn Thahir, abd Allah bin al-Husain. Sulam al-Taufiq. Kediri, t.t.
Iksan, Khoirul. “Kebebasan Berekspresi dalam Demokrasi: Perspektif On Liberty John Stuart Mill terhadap Intimidasi Jurnalis Tempo.” Jurnal Pemikiran 1, no. 1 (2025): 87–104.
Kamali, Mohammad Hasyim. kebebasan berpendapat dalam Islam. t.t.
Latipah Nasution. Hak Kebebasan Berpendapat dan Berekspresi Dalam Ruang Publik di Era Digital. 2020.
Muhammad Amin al-Kurdi. Tanwir al-Qulub fi mu’amalah Allam al Guyub. t.t.
Muhammad Ibn Umar Nawawi al-Jawi. Salalim al-Fudhala’. Dar al-Ibad, t.t.
Nawawi, Abi Zakaria Yahya ibn Syaraf ad-Din an-. Syarah sl-Arba’in al-Nawawiyah. Dar Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Cet. 3.
Rahman, Fathor. “Demokrasi Digital dan Ujaran Kebencian: Antara Kebebasan Berekspresi dan Represi Politik: Paradoks Ujaran Kebencian dalam Kasus Dhandy.” MEDIASI Jurnal Kajian dan Terapan Media, Bahasa, Komunikasi 6, no. 3 (2025): 259–272. https://doi.org/10.46961/mediasi.v6i3.1777.
Salam, Iz al-Din ibn Abd as-. Syajarat al-Maarif walahwal washlih al-aqwal wal a’mal. Dar al-Hikmah, t.t.
Su’adah, Fatkhiyatus, dan Ahmad Royhan. “Implementasi UU Demokrasi Dan Nilai-Nilai Urgensinya Dalam Politik Islam Di Indonesia.” Syariah: Journal of Fiqh Studies 2, no. 2 (2024): 83–108. https://doi.org/10.61570/syariah.v2i2.87.
Suyuthi, Jalaluddin as-. ad-Durrul Mantsur fi Tafsir al-Matsur. Kairo, t.t.
Tim FORZA PESANTREN. Ijtihad politik Islam Nusantara. Lirboyo Pres, t.t.
Tohir Bawazir. Jalan Tengah Demokrasi Antara Fundamentalis dan Sekularis. Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2005.
Undang-undang Dasar Negara Repoblik Indonesia Tahun 1945,. Sekretariatjendral MPR RI, 2020.
Wahyuni, Rizki, dan Yati Sharfina Desiandri. “Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) Pada Kebebasan Berpendapat/Bereksperesi Dalam Negara Demokrasi Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi 5, no. 3 (2024): 961–966. https://doi.org/10.55338/saintek.v5i3.2422.
Zaprulkhan. Rekonstruksi Paradigma Maqashid asy-Syari’ah. Yogyakarta, 2000.
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Ahmad Royhan. (2025). Freedom of Expression In Indonesia’s Democratic System: A Fiqh Siyasah Analysis From The Perspective of Maqāṣid Asy-Syarī’ah. Siyasah Wa Qanuniyah : Jurnal Ilmiah Ma’had Aly Raudhatul Ma’arif, 3(2), 152–173. https://doi.org/10.61842/swq/v3i2.52
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Royhan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are accessible to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so reasonably but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61842/swq/v3i2.52Keywords:
Freedom of Expression Democracy Maqāṣid Al-Shariah IndonesiaAbstract
This study examines freedom of expression in democratic systems from the perspective of maqāṣid asy-syarī‘ah, aiming to analyze the relevance and limitations of the right to express opinions for citizens and their relation to public welfare. The research employs a qualitative library research approach, reviewing classical and contemporary literature on Islamic law, political jurisprudence, the Indonesian constitution, and democratic principles. Analysis focuses on identifying relevant concepts, values, and normative arguments linked to the protection of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property. The findings indicate that freedom of expression is a fundamental right enabling active citizen participation in public decision-making and governmental oversight. From an Islamic perspective, this right aligns with maqāṣid asy-syarī‘ah, particularly hifẓ al-‘aql, requiring responsible development of intellectual capacity. Freedom of expression is relative and must be exercised with ethics, law, and social responsibility, supporting the achievement of collective welfare without harming individuals or society.
References
Abdurrahman. “Hukum kebebasan berpendapat dan informasi: tinjauan filosofis terhadap pasal 22 deklarasi kairo.” STAIN sultan Abdurrahman Kepulauan Riau, 2018.
Aizid, Rizem. Sejarah Peradaban Islam Terlengkap. Diva Press, 2021.
Al-Ghazālī, Ḥujjah al-Islām Abu Hamid Muḥammad bin Muḥammad. Ihyā Ulūm Ad-Dīn. Dār Al-Ma’rifah, 1431.
Asep Mahbub dan Siti Ngainnur Rohmah. “Relevansi Hak Kebebasan mengeluarkan Pendaapt Dalam Pasal 28e Ayat 3 Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Negara Repoblik Indonesia Terhadap Kajian Kajian Fikih Siasah.” (Jurnal-- Institut Agama Islam Al-Zaytun Indonesia (IAI AL-AZIS), t.t.
Az-Zuḥailī, Wahbah. Al-Fiqh al-Islam wa ’Adilatuh. 1987 ed. Dār Al-Fikr, t.t.
Busyro. Dasar-Dsar Filosofis Hukum Islam. Ponorogo, 2016.
Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad bin Muḥammad al-. Mīzān al-‘Amal. Dār al-Ma‘ārif, 1964.
Ghazali, Muhammad al-. Al-Mustashfa min Ilm al-Ushul. Dār al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, t.t.
Hai’ah al-Tahrir. Al-Mausu’ah al-Islamiah al-‘Ammah. Wazarat wa al-Majlis al-‘Ala li al-Syu’un al-Islamiah, t.t.
Ibn al-Katsir. al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah. Maktabah Syamilah, t.t.
Ibn Asyur, Thahir. Maqashid al-Syari’at al-Islamiyat. Dar Sukhnun, 2020.
Ibn Kasir. Tafsir ibn Katsir. Dār al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, t.t.
Ibn Thahir, abd Allah bin al-Husain. Sulam al-Taufiq. Kediri, t.t.
Iksan, Khoirul. “Kebebasan Berekspresi dalam Demokrasi: Perspektif On Liberty John Stuart Mill terhadap Intimidasi Jurnalis Tempo.” Jurnal Pemikiran 1, no. 1 (2025): 87–104.
Kamali, Mohammad Hasyim. kebebasan berpendapat dalam Islam. t.t.
Latipah Nasution. Hak Kebebasan Berpendapat dan Berekspresi Dalam Ruang Publik di Era Digital. 2020.
Muhammad Amin al-Kurdi. Tanwir al-Qulub fi mu’amalah Allam al Guyub. t.t.
Muhammad Ibn Umar Nawawi al-Jawi. Salalim al-Fudhala’. Dar al-Ibad, t.t.
Nawawi, Abi Zakaria Yahya ibn Syaraf ad-Din an-. Syarah sl-Arba’in al-Nawawiyah. Dar Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Cet. 3.
Rahman, Fathor. “Demokrasi Digital dan Ujaran Kebencian: Antara Kebebasan Berekspresi dan Represi Politik: Paradoks Ujaran Kebencian dalam Kasus Dhandy.” MEDIASI Jurnal Kajian dan Terapan Media, Bahasa, Komunikasi 6, no. 3 (2025): 259–272. https://doi.org/10.46961/mediasi.v6i3.1777.
Salam, Iz al-Din ibn Abd as-. Syajarat al-Maarif walahwal washlih al-aqwal wal a’mal. Dar al-Hikmah, t.t.
Su’adah, Fatkhiyatus, dan Ahmad Royhan. “Implementasi UU Demokrasi Dan Nilai-Nilai Urgensinya Dalam Politik Islam Di Indonesia.” Syariah: Journal of Fiqh Studies 2, no. 2 (2024): 83–108. https://doi.org/10.61570/syariah.v2i2.87.
Suyuthi, Jalaluddin as-. ad-Durrul Mantsur fi Tafsir al-Matsur. Kairo, t.t.
Tim FORZA PESANTREN. Ijtihad politik Islam Nusantara. Lirboyo Pres, t.t.
Tohir Bawazir. Jalan Tengah Demokrasi Antara Fundamentalis dan Sekularis. Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2005.
Undang-undang Dasar Negara Repoblik Indonesia Tahun 1945,. Sekretariatjendral MPR RI, 2020.
Wahyuni, Rizki, dan Yati Sharfina Desiandri. “Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) Pada Kebebasan Berpendapat/Bereksperesi Dalam Negara Demokrasi Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi 5, no. 3 (2024): 961–966. https://doi.org/10.55338/saintek.v5i3.2422.
Zaprulkhan. Rekonstruksi Paradigma Maqashid asy-Syari’ah. Yogyakarta, 2000.
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Statistic
- Read Counter : 90 Download : 96
Issue
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How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Royhan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are accessible to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so reasonably but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits
