Analysis of Fiqh Siyasah On Social Assistance: The Perspective of The Benefit of The Ummah and Electoral Politics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61842/swq/v4i1.69
Abstract
Social assistance (bansos) is a principal instrument of the Indonesian government for poverty alleviation. The social protection budget rose from IDR 431.5 trillion in 2022 to IDR 508.2 trillion in the 2026 draft. Comparative data for 2022–2025, however, indicate that this budgetary increase did not proportionally accelerate poverty reduction and instead shows a sharp rise coinciding with the 2024 general election cycle, raising suspicion of electoral motives behind the policy. This study analyzes Indonesia’s social assistance policies for 2022–2026 through the lens of fiqh siyasah, focusing on the concepts of ummah, siyasah ‘adilah, tamkin, and amanah. Employing a normative-qualitative method with a library-research approach, the study examines official data from the Central Statistics Agency and the Ministry of Finance, corroborated with media reports, classical and contemporary fiqh siyasah literature, and related scientific studies. Findings reveal that the social protection budget increased by 12 percent in the 2024 election year compared to the previous year and was accompanied by indications of program personalization and disbursement scheduling aligned with campaign stages and voting day. Such electoralized distribution conflicts with the principles of maslahah mursalah and siyasah ‘adilah in fiqh siyasah, which prioritize comprehensive and sustainable public welfare. The persistence of beneficiary dependency, stemming from insufficient empowerment (tamkin) programs, violates the principle of kifayah. Moreover, the politicization of social assistance constitutes an abuse of leadership trust (amanah), neglecting the ruler’s moral responsibility toward the people, despite the budget’s procedural approval by the legislature. The study concludes that aligning social protection policies with fiqh siyasah principles requires depoliticized, empowerment-oriented, and sustainably targeted interventions to realize equitable maslahah for the ummah.
References
Abdurrahman. Perkembangan Pemikiran Fiqh pada Fiqh Indonesia. Jakarta: Akademika Pressindo, 1990.
Achmad, Willya. “Politics and Social Welfare: Dynamics or Social Assistance Programs on Electability in Indonesia.” JWP (Jurnal Wacana Politik) 9, no. 2 (2024): 205–15. https://doi.org/10.24198/jwp.v9i2.53634.
Al-Ghazali, Imam. Al-Mustasfa min ‘Ilm al-Ushul. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1993.
Anggraeinni, Anggraeinni, et al. 2026. “Bantuan Sosial Sebagai Instrumen Politik Uang Non-Tunai dalam Pemilu Indonesia.” Jurnal USM Law Review 9 (2): 1253–1272. https://doi.org/https://journals.usm.ac.id/index.php/julr/article/view/13655/7136.
Antonio, M. Syafi’i. Bank Syariah: Teori dan Praktek. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 2001.
ANTARA News. “Menkeu: Anggaran Perlindungan Sosial Bukan Hanya Lewat Kemensos.” 25 Maret 2024. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4026849/menkeu-anggaran-perlindungan-sosial-bukan-hanya-lewat-kemensos.
Badan Pusat Statistik. “Jumlah Penduduk Miskin Menurut Provinsi dan Daerah.” 5 Februari 2026. https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MTg1IzI=/jumlah-penduduk-miskin--ribu-jiwa--menurut-provinsi-dan-daerah.html.
Badan Pusat Statistik. “Persentase Penduduk Miskin September 2025 Turun Menjadi 8,25 Persen.” 5 Februari 2026. https://www.bps.go.id/id/pressrelease/2026/02/05/2536/persentase-penduduk-miskin-september-2025-turun--menjadi-8-25-persen-.html.
Haekal, Akhmad Zuhad, et al. “Problematika Hukum Pemberian Bantuan Sosial Pada Masa Pemilu.” Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory 3, no. 1 (2025): 30–40. https://doi.org/10.62976/ijijel.v3i1.861.
Ibnu Khaldun. Al-Muqaddimah. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 2001. https://archive.org/details/muqodimah_202008/page/290/mode/1up.
Ibnu Taimiyyah. Al-Siyasah al-Syar’iyyah fi Ishlahi al-Ra’i wa al-Ra’iyyah. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1988. https://shamela.ws/book/7265/600.
Infobanknews. “BPS: Jumlah Penduduk Miskin Indonesia Turun Jadi 23,85 Juta per Maret 2025.” 25 Juli 2025. https://infobanknews.com/bps-jumlah-penduduk-miskin-indonesia-turun-jadi-2385-juta-per-maret-2025.
Infobanknews. “Sri Mulyani Siapkan Rp508,2 Triliun untuk Anggaran Perlindungan Sosial 2026.” 18 Agustus 2025. https://infobanknews.com/sri-mulyani-siapkan-rp5082-triliun-untuk-anggaran-perlindungan-sosial-2026/.
Khallaf, Abdul Wahhab. Al-Siyasah al-Syar’iyyah. Kairo: Dar al-Anshar, 1977.
Kompas.id. “Bansos, Pendongkrak Suara Prabowo-Gibran?” 25 Februari 2024. https://www.kompas.id/baca/riset/2024/02/24/bansos-pendongkrak-suara-prabowo-gibran.
Kompas.id. “Gelontoran Bansos di Tahun Pemilu.” 5 Januari 2024. https://www.kompas.id/baca/polhuk/2024/01/04/gelontoran-bansos-di-tahun-pemilu.
Kompas.tv. “Kucuran Bansos di Tahun Pemilu 2024 Lebih Besar dari Pandemi Covid-19 2021-2022.” 1 Februari 2024. https://www.kompas.tv/nasional/481565/kucuran-bansos-di-tahun-pemilu-2024-lebih-besar-dari-pandemi-covid-19-2021-2022?page=all.
Liputan6.com. “Infografis Usulan Penundaan Penyaluran Bansos Saat Tahun Pemilu.” 9 Januari 2024. https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/5500210/infografis-usulan-penundaan-penyaluran-bansos-saat-tahun-pemilu.
Mansyur, Abdul Rahman. “Pengaruh Kebijakan Restriksi Pemberian Hibah Bansos Terhadap Politisasi Anggaran Oleh Calon Incumbent Pada Pilkada Kabupaten/Kota Tahun 2017.” Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi 17, no. 1 (2022): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.21002/jke.2022.01.
Muslim bin al-Hajjaj. Shahih Muslim. Kitab al-Iman, Hadis No. 142. https://sunnah.com/muslim:142.
Pew Research Center. “Religious Compositions by Country, 2010-2020.” 2025. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/feature/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2020/.
Putri, Adinda Dwi, et al. “Fiqih siyasah Dalam Pembelajaran Islam.” MARAS: Jurnal Penelitian Multidisiplin 2, no. 1 (2024): 218–30. https://doi.org/10.60126/maras.v2i1.169.
Rizman, Iksir Alkholy, Saipul Umami, dan Riki Andika Putra. “Penerapan Prinsip Fiqih siyasah Dalam Kepemimpinan Modern: Perspektif Ulama Klasik Dan Kontemporer.” Equality: Law and Social 1 (2025): 27–33. https://ejournal.risetanakbangsa.id/jhs/article/view/6/5.
Rosyidi, Muhammad. “Penerapan Fiqih siyasah Dalam Ketatanegaraan Indonesia.” Awig-Awig: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Ilmu Hukum 4, no. 1 (2024): 65–76. https://jurnal.elkatarie.ac.id/index.php/awig_awig/article/view/309.
Salsabila, Nanda, et al. “Analisis Efektivitas Bantuan Sosial (Bansos) Dalam Mengatasi Kemiskinan Di Indonesia.” Journal of Macroeconomics and Social Development 1, no. 4 (2024): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.47134/jmsd.v1i4.317.
Samputra, Palupi Lindiasari, dan Aji Wahyu Ramadhani. “Efektivitas Bantuan Sosial Dalam Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Di Tengah Perlambatan Ekonomi Indonesia Dengan Pendekatan Non-Parametrik.” Jurnal Perspektif Ekonomi Darussalam 5, no. 1 (2019): 9–31. https://doi.org/10.24815/jped.v5i1.14227.
Sanrego, Yulizar D., dan Moch. Taufik. Fiqih Tamkin: Fiqih Pemberdayaan: Membangun Modal Sosial dalam Mewujudkan Khairu Ummah. Jakarta: Qisthi Press, 2016.
Validnews.id. “Anggaran Perlindungan Sosial Tahun 2026 Meningkat Jadi Rp508,2 Triliun.” 15 Agustus 2025. https://validnews.id/ekonomi/anggaran-perlindungan-sosial-tahun-meningkat-jadi-rp-triliun.
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Fatimatuz Zahroil Batul. (2026). Analysis of Fiqh Siyasah On Social Assistance: The Perspective of The Benefit of The Ummah and Electoral Politics . Siyasah Wa Qanuniyah : Jurnal Ilmiah Ma’had Aly Raudhatul Ma’arif, 4(1), 76–95. https://doi.org/10.61842/swq/v4i1.69
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Copyright (c) 2026 Fatimatuz Zahroil Batul
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are accessible to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so reasonably but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61842/swq/v4i1.69Abstract
Social assistance (bansos) is a principal instrument of the Indonesian government for poverty alleviation. The social protection budget rose from IDR 431.5 trillion in 2022 to IDR 508.2 trillion in the 2026 draft. Comparative data for 2022–2025, however, indicate that this budgetary increase did not proportionally accelerate poverty reduction and instead shows a sharp rise coinciding with the 2024 general election cycle, raising suspicion of electoral motives behind the policy. This study analyzes Indonesia’s social assistance policies for 2022–2026 through the lens of fiqh siyasah, focusing on the concepts of ummah, siyasah ‘adilah, tamkin, and amanah. Employing a normative-qualitative method with a library-research approach, the study examines official data from the Central Statistics Agency and the Ministry of Finance, corroborated with media reports, classical and contemporary fiqh siyasah literature, and related scientific studies. Findings reveal that the social protection budget increased by 12 percent in the 2024 election year compared to the previous year and was accompanied by indications of program personalization and disbursement scheduling aligned with campaign stages and voting day. Such electoralized distribution conflicts with the principles of maslahah mursalah and siyasah ‘adilah in fiqh siyasah, which prioritize comprehensive and sustainable public welfare. The persistence of beneficiary dependency, stemming from insufficient empowerment (tamkin) programs, violates the principle of kifayah. Moreover, the politicization of social assistance constitutes an abuse of leadership trust (amanah), neglecting the ruler’s moral responsibility toward the people, despite the budget’s procedural approval by the legislature. The study concludes that aligning social protection policies with fiqh siyasah principles requires depoliticized, empowerment-oriented, and sustainably targeted interventions to realize equitable maslahah for the ummah.
References
Abdurrahman. Perkembangan Pemikiran Fiqh pada Fiqh Indonesia. Jakarta: Akademika Pressindo, 1990.
Achmad, Willya. “Politics and Social Welfare: Dynamics or Social Assistance Programs on Electability in Indonesia.” JWP (Jurnal Wacana Politik) 9, no. 2 (2024): 205–15. https://doi.org/10.24198/jwp.v9i2.53634.
Al-Ghazali, Imam. Al-Mustasfa min ‘Ilm al-Ushul. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1993.
Anggraeinni, Anggraeinni, et al. 2026. “Bantuan Sosial Sebagai Instrumen Politik Uang Non-Tunai dalam Pemilu Indonesia.” Jurnal USM Law Review 9 (2): 1253–1272. https://doi.org/https://journals.usm.ac.id/index.php/julr/article/view/13655/7136.
Antonio, M. Syafi’i. Bank Syariah: Teori dan Praktek. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 2001.
ANTARA News. “Menkeu: Anggaran Perlindungan Sosial Bukan Hanya Lewat Kemensos.” 25 Maret 2024. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4026849/menkeu-anggaran-perlindungan-sosial-bukan-hanya-lewat-kemensos.
Badan Pusat Statistik. “Jumlah Penduduk Miskin Menurut Provinsi dan Daerah.” 5 Februari 2026. https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MTg1IzI=/jumlah-penduduk-miskin--ribu-jiwa--menurut-provinsi-dan-daerah.html.
Badan Pusat Statistik. “Persentase Penduduk Miskin September 2025 Turun Menjadi 8,25 Persen.” 5 Februari 2026. https://www.bps.go.id/id/pressrelease/2026/02/05/2536/persentase-penduduk-miskin-september-2025-turun--menjadi-8-25-persen-.html.
Haekal, Akhmad Zuhad, et al. “Problematika Hukum Pemberian Bantuan Sosial Pada Masa Pemilu.” Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory 3, no. 1 (2025): 30–40. https://doi.org/10.62976/ijijel.v3i1.861.
Ibnu Khaldun. Al-Muqaddimah. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 2001. https://archive.org/details/muqodimah_202008/page/290/mode/1up.
Ibnu Taimiyyah. Al-Siyasah al-Syar’iyyah fi Ishlahi al-Ra’i wa al-Ra’iyyah. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1988. https://shamela.ws/book/7265/600.
Infobanknews. “BPS: Jumlah Penduduk Miskin Indonesia Turun Jadi 23,85 Juta per Maret 2025.” 25 Juli 2025. https://infobanknews.com/bps-jumlah-penduduk-miskin-indonesia-turun-jadi-2385-juta-per-maret-2025.
Infobanknews. “Sri Mulyani Siapkan Rp508,2 Triliun untuk Anggaran Perlindungan Sosial 2026.” 18 Agustus 2025. https://infobanknews.com/sri-mulyani-siapkan-rp5082-triliun-untuk-anggaran-perlindungan-sosial-2026/.
Khallaf, Abdul Wahhab. Al-Siyasah al-Syar’iyyah. Kairo: Dar al-Anshar, 1977.
Kompas.id. “Bansos, Pendongkrak Suara Prabowo-Gibran?” 25 Februari 2024. https://www.kompas.id/baca/riset/2024/02/24/bansos-pendongkrak-suara-prabowo-gibran.
Kompas.id. “Gelontoran Bansos di Tahun Pemilu.” 5 Januari 2024. https://www.kompas.id/baca/polhuk/2024/01/04/gelontoran-bansos-di-tahun-pemilu.
Kompas.tv. “Kucuran Bansos di Tahun Pemilu 2024 Lebih Besar dari Pandemi Covid-19 2021-2022.” 1 Februari 2024. https://www.kompas.tv/nasional/481565/kucuran-bansos-di-tahun-pemilu-2024-lebih-besar-dari-pandemi-covid-19-2021-2022?page=all.
Liputan6.com. “Infografis Usulan Penundaan Penyaluran Bansos Saat Tahun Pemilu.” 9 Januari 2024. https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/5500210/infografis-usulan-penundaan-penyaluran-bansos-saat-tahun-pemilu.
Mansyur, Abdul Rahman. “Pengaruh Kebijakan Restriksi Pemberian Hibah Bansos Terhadap Politisasi Anggaran Oleh Calon Incumbent Pada Pilkada Kabupaten/Kota Tahun 2017.” Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi 17, no. 1 (2022): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.21002/jke.2022.01.
Muslim bin al-Hajjaj. Shahih Muslim. Kitab al-Iman, Hadis No. 142. https://sunnah.com/muslim:142.
Pew Research Center. “Religious Compositions by Country, 2010-2020.” 2025. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/feature/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2020/.
Putri, Adinda Dwi, et al. “Fiqih siyasah Dalam Pembelajaran Islam.” MARAS: Jurnal Penelitian Multidisiplin 2, no. 1 (2024): 218–30. https://doi.org/10.60126/maras.v2i1.169.
Rizman, Iksir Alkholy, Saipul Umami, dan Riki Andika Putra. “Penerapan Prinsip Fiqih siyasah Dalam Kepemimpinan Modern: Perspektif Ulama Klasik Dan Kontemporer.” Equality: Law and Social 1 (2025): 27–33. https://ejournal.risetanakbangsa.id/jhs/article/view/6/5.
Rosyidi, Muhammad. “Penerapan Fiqih siyasah Dalam Ketatanegaraan Indonesia.” Awig-Awig: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Ilmu Hukum 4, no. 1 (2024): 65–76. https://jurnal.elkatarie.ac.id/index.php/awig_awig/article/view/309.
Salsabila, Nanda, et al. “Analisis Efektivitas Bantuan Sosial (Bansos) Dalam Mengatasi Kemiskinan Di Indonesia.” Journal of Macroeconomics and Social Development 1, no. 4 (2024): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.47134/jmsd.v1i4.317.
Samputra, Palupi Lindiasari, dan Aji Wahyu Ramadhani. “Efektivitas Bantuan Sosial Dalam Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Di Tengah Perlambatan Ekonomi Indonesia Dengan Pendekatan Non-Parametrik.” Jurnal Perspektif Ekonomi Darussalam 5, no. 1 (2019): 9–31. https://doi.org/10.24815/jped.v5i1.14227.
Sanrego, Yulizar D., dan Moch. Taufik. Fiqih Tamkin: Fiqih Pemberdayaan: Membangun Modal Sosial dalam Mewujudkan Khairu Ummah. Jakarta: Qisthi Press, 2016.
Validnews.id. “Anggaran Perlindungan Sosial Tahun 2026 Meningkat Jadi Rp508,2 Triliun.” 15 Agustus 2025. https://validnews.id/ekonomi/anggaran-perlindungan-sosial-tahun-meningkat-jadi-rp-triliun.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Fatimatuz Zahroil Batul
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are accessible to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so reasonably but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits
