Accountability for Food Poisoning Cases in the Free Nutrition Program in Islamic Law (Analysis of Diyat and Ta'zir)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61842/swq/v4i1.59
Abstract
The concept of accountability in Islamic criminal law, Diyat and Ta'zir, in cases of food poisoning that can results in death and physical and sensory damage, provides a clear picture of the concept of punishment in Islam with the aim of protecting life and achieving the objectives of the free nutritious meal program (MBG). This study uses a qualitative approach with library research, which is descriptive in nature and normative in terms of Sharia law. Data collection used the Publish or Perish database on Google Scholar. Primary data consisted of articles indexed by Scopus and Sinta, as well as laws. Secondary data consisted of news reports. The data analysis method used was Miles Huberman and Saldana, reduction, display, and presentation. The results of the study show that the responsibility for accidental poisoning cases includes Diyat Mukhaffah, which is paid with 100 camels, and intentional poisoning is punished with Diyat Mughallazah, which is paid with 100 camels with aggravation if forgiven. Ta'zir for unintentional poisoning is punished with a fine and imprisonment under Law No. 18 of 2012 and Article 359 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Ta'zir for intentional poisoning is punished with the penalty for premeditated murder under Article 340 of the Criminal Procedure Code, or life imprisonment or 20 years' imprisonment. The conclusion of this study is that liability for cases of poisoning from free nutritious food, Diyat and Ta'zir offer solutions and lessons or deterrent effects on perpetrators, so that this program can run optimally by paying attention to food safety and ensuring the lives of the Indonesian people in order to achieve nutritional fulfillment.
References
Addzaky, Khoirul Umam, Uswatun Hasanah, Ida Faridatul Hasanah, And Muhammad Asy’ari Ari. “Contextualizing Liberation Theology In Indonesian Religious Literature Through The Contributions Of K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid.” Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 23, No. 1 (June 30, 2025): 142–78. Https://Doi.Org/10.31291/Jlka.V23i1.1285.
Afzal, Muhammad, And Muhammad Khubaib. “Flexibility In The Implementation Of Islamic Criminal Law In Modern Islamic Society In The Light Of Qur’ān And Sunnah.” Journal Of Islamic Thought And Civilization 11, No. 1 (May 20, 2021): 396–410. Https://Doi.Org/10.32350/Jitc.111.21.
Agama, Kementrian. Al-Qur’an Dan Terjemahannya. Jakarta: Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an, 2019.
Akramov, Mukhtor. “Ta’dhir In Islamic Law : Types Of Crimes And Punishments.” Jurnal Iso: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik Dan Humaniora 4, No. 2 (October 3, 2024): 7. Https://Doi.Org/10.53697/Iso.V4i2.1861.
Alotaibi, Hajed A. “The Challenges Of Execution Of Islamic Criminal Law In Developing Muslim Countries: An Analysis Based On Islamic Principles And Existing Legal System.” Edited By Francis D. Boateng. Cogent Social Sciences 7, No. 1 (January 1, 2021). Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/23311886.2021.1925413.
Alpaten, Ulil Albab Al Aulia, And Rustam Dahar Karnadi Apollo Harahap. “Integrasi Teori Diyat Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam Dengan Pendekatan Restorative Justice Dalam Sistem Hukum Pidana Indonesia.” Khatulistiwa Law Review 6, No. 2 (October 14, 2025): 121–37. Https://Doi.Org/10.24260/Klr.V6i2.5079.
Aprilliany Zahra Nur Azzalia Jacob, Rabith Madah Khulaili Harsya, Dian Rositasari, Ainurrafiqa Pelupessy, And Muhammad Fachrur Razy Mahka. “Comprehensive Study Of Mass Poisoning Mbg Program (Legal, Health, Human Rights, Social Perspectives).” Jurnal Teknologi Dan Manajemen Industri Terapan 4, No. 3 (September 29, 2025): 2221–25. Https://Doi.Org/10.55826/Jtmit.V4i3.1583.
Aronson, Jeffrey K. “When I Use A Word . . . ‘Publish Or Perish’: Problems And Solutions.” Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.) 390 (2025): R1629. Https://Doi.Org/10.1136/Bmj.R1629.
Basit, Muhammad, And Hikmah Ramadani. “Analisis Implementasi Program Makan Bergizi Gratis Terhadap Perkembangan Ekonomi.” Journal Of Economics Development Research 1, No. 2 (May 25, 2025): 49–54. Https://Doi.Org/10.71094/Joeder.V1i2.105.
Daeli, Natalia Minatria, Suka’aro Waruwu, Serniati Zebua, And Palindungan Lahagu. “Analysis Of The Role Of Industrial Relations In Improving Employee Performance At The Population And Civil Registration Service Of West Nias Regency.” Jurnal Ilmiah Metadata 7, No. 3 (November 3, 2025): 88–91. Https://Doi.Org/10.47652/Metadata.V7i3.905.
Deutsch, Stephanie Anne, And Erin O’brien. “Child Torture Victimization: Review Of Criminal Statutes And Medico-Legal Issues.” Child Abuse & Neglect 151 (May 2024): 106750. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Chiabu.2024.106750.
Dwi, Rahmawati. “Menkes Ungkap Temuan Penyebab Keracunan Mbg, Ada 8 Bakteri Hingga 2 Virus.” Detik News, 2025.
Halim, Samihah Khalil, And Rusniah Ahmad. “School Of Law, College Of Law, Government And International Studies, Universiti Utara Malaysia” 10, No. July (2019): 45–77.
Ismail, Paizah. “Pelaksanaan Diyat Dalam Kerangka Perundangan Di Malaysia: Cabaran Fiqh Semasa.” Jurnal Fiqh 9, No. 1 (December 30, 2012): 1–20. Https://Doi.Org/10.22452/Fiqh.Vol9no1.1.
Khalil, Shahidra Abdul, Nor Fahimah Mohd Razif, And Muhammad Ikhlas Rosele. “Developing Ijtihad Skills For Undergraduate Students Through Problem-Based Learning In Fiqh Subjects: Present Practices And The Way Forward.” Asia Pacific Journal Of Educators And Education 39, No. 2 (December 31, 2024): 197–217. Https://Doi.Org/10.21315/Apjee2024.39.2.11.
Khodadadi, Bahman. “‘Nowhere But Everywhere’: The Principle Of Legality And The Complexities Of Judicial Discretion In Iran.” Iranian Studies 57, No. 4 (October 27, 2024): 651–70. Https://Doi.Org/10.1017/Irn.2024.23.
Kuncoro, Wahyu, Husni, Effendi, And M Gaussyah. “Legislation Concept Of Sexual Violence Towards A Child In The Acts And The Qanun Jinayat.” Journal Of Law And Sustainable Development 12, No. 2 (February 8, 2024): E3004. Https://Doi.Org/10.55908/Sdgs.V12i2.3004.
Latemmamala, Andi Fitrah, And Faiz Ahmad Fachri. “Reconstructing Legal Liability And Division Of Authority: Mitigating Mass Poisoning In The Free Nutritious Meal Program.” Sign Jurnal Hukum 7, No. 2 (February 16, 2026): 1275–92. Https://Doi.Org/10.37276/Sjh.V7i2.637.
Lestari, Wilda. “Ta’zir Crimes In Islamic Criminal Law: Definition Legal Basis Types And Punishments.” Al-Qanun: Jurnal Kajian Sosial Dan Hukum Islam 5, No. 1 (March 30, 2024): 22. Https://Doi.Org/10.58836/Al-Qanun.V5i1.21486.
Lo, Camilla Kin-Ming, And Yuet Wing Cho. “Community-Based Interventions To Reduce Child Maltreatment.” Research On Social Work Practice 31, No. 6 (September 19, 2021): 621–33. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/1049731520986968.
Muhamad Darwisy Mohd Razali, Lukman Abdul Mutalib, Wan Abdul Fattah Wan Ismail, Ahmad Syukran Baharuddin, Radzniwan A Rashid, And Naji Arafat Haji Mahat. “Historical Analysis, Concept Of Diat And Its Rate, And Its Suitability For Implementation In Malaysia Sejarah, Konsep Diat Dan Kadarnya Serta Kesesuaian Pelaksanaannya Di Malaysia.” Al-Qanatir: International Journal Of Islamic Studies 32, No. 1 (2023): 12–22.
Mulyosudarmo, Suviana Suwoto, Vieta Imelda Cornelis, Fritz Edward Siregar, Siti Marwiyah P, And Wahyu Prawesthi. “Free Nutritious School Meal Programs In Indonesia And The Netherlands: A Comparative Analysis Of Legal Foundations And Constitutional Rights.” Constitutional Law Society 4, No. 2 (September 30, 2025): 233–54. Https://Doi.Org/10.36448/Cls.V4i2.123.
Muqoffi, Muqoffi, Sutiah Sutiah, Marno Marno, And Fahmi Fahmi. “Wacana Anti Madzhab Muatan Materi Fikih Dalam Buku Ajar Pendidikan Agama Islam.” Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 22, No. 1 (June 30, 2024): 123–58. Https://Doi.Org/10.31291/Jlka.V22i1.1193.
Peno, Michał, And Olgierd Bogucki. “Principles Of Criminal Liability From The Semiotic Point Of View.” International Journal For The Semiotics Of Law - Revue Internationale De Sémiotique Juridique 34, No. 2 (April 10, 2021): 561–78. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S11196-020-09691-Z.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Perlindungan Konsumen (1999).
———. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pangan, 1 § (2012).
———. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 Tentang Hukum Acara Pidana (1981).
Retno Widyastuti, Pravitri. “Data Lengkap Bgn Kasus Keracunan Mbg Per 30 September 2025.” Www.Tribunnews.Com, 2025. Https://Doi.Org/Https://Www.Tribunnews.Com/Nasional/7735998/Data-Lengkap-Bgn-Kasus-Keracunan-Mbg-Per-30-September-2025-Pulau-Jawa-Tembus-4000-Korban.
Ulum, Miftahul, Nasiri Nasiri, And Nora Repo. “Comparative Study On Criminal Penalties According To The Perspective Of Islamic Criminal Law And The Indonesian Criminal Law Code.” Al-Insyiroh: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 9, No. 1 (March 30, 2023): 210–33. Https://Doi.Org/10.35309/Alinsyiroh.V9i1.231.
Wisnu Puteri, Rheyna, And Kaharuddin Kaharuddin. “The Implementation Of Class Action As A Legal Effort For Mass Poisoning Victims In The Free Nutritional Meal Program.” Eduvest - Journal Of Universal Studies 6, No. 1 (January 5, 2026): 83–91. Https://Doi.Org/10.59188/Eduvest.V6i1.52659.
Zaman, M. Badruz, Imam Mawardi, And Muhammad Yusril Muna. “Local Wisdom For Peacebuilding In Java: An Analysis Of Religious Moderation In Shodiq Hamzah’s Tafsīr Al-Bayān.” Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 22, No. 2 (December 31, 2024): 455–82. Https://Doi.Org/10.31291/Jlka.V22i2.1295.
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Muh Tabran. (2026). Accountability for Food Poisoning Cases in the Free Nutrition Program in Islamic Law (Analysis of Diyat and Ta’zir). Siyasah Wa Qanuniyah : Jurnal Ilmiah Ma’had Aly Raudhatul Ma’arif, 4(1), 20–36. https://doi.org/10.61842/swq/v4i1.59
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Copyright (c) 2026 Muh Tabran
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially
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ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61842/swq/v4i1.59Abstract
The concept of accountability in Islamic criminal law, Diyat and Ta'zir, in cases of food poisoning that can results in death and physical and sensory damage, provides a clear picture of the concept of punishment in Islam with the aim of protecting life and achieving the objectives of the free nutritious meal program (MBG). This study uses a qualitative approach with library research, which is descriptive in nature and normative in terms of Sharia law. Data collection used the Publish or Perish database on Google Scholar. Primary data consisted of articles indexed by Scopus and Sinta, as well as laws. Secondary data consisted of news reports. The data analysis method used was Miles Huberman and Saldana, reduction, display, and presentation. The results of the study show that the responsibility for accidental poisoning cases includes Diyat Mukhaffah, which is paid with 100 camels, and intentional poisoning is punished with Diyat Mughallazah, which is paid with 100 camels with aggravation if forgiven. Ta'zir for unintentional poisoning is punished with a fine and imprisonment under Law No. 18 of 2012 and Article 359 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Ta'zir for intentional poisoning is punished with the penalty for premeditated murder under Article 340 of the Criminal Procedure Code, or life imprisonment or 20 years' imprisonment. The conclusion of this study is that liability for cases of poisoning from free nutritious food, Diyat and Ta'zir offer solutions and lessons or deterrent effects on perpetrators, so that this program can run optimally by paying attention to food safety and ensuring the lives of the Indonesian people in order to achieve nutritional fulfillment.
References
Addzaky, Khoirul Umam, Uswatun Hasanah, Ida Faridatul Hasanah, And Muhammad Asy’ari Ari. “Contextualizing Liberation Theology In Indonesian Religious Literature Through The Contributions Of K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid.” Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 23, No. 1 (June 30, 2025): 142–78. Https://Doi.Org/10.31291/Jlka.V23i1.1285.
Afzal, Muhammad, And Muhammad Khubaib. “Flexibility In The Implementation Of Islamic Criminal Law In Modern Islamic Society In The Light Of Qur’ān And Sunnah.” Journal Of Islamic Thought And Civilization 11, No. 1 (May 20, 2021): 396–410. Https://Doi.Org/10.32350/Jitc.111.21.
Agama, Kementrian. Al-Qur’an Dan Terjemahannya. Jakarta: Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an, 2019.
Akramov, Mukhtor. “Ta’dhir In Islamic Law : Types Of Crimes And Punishments.” Jurnal Iso: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik Dan Humaniora 4, No. 2 (October 3, 2024): 7. Https://Doi.Org/10.53697/Iso.V4i2.1861.
Alotaibi, Hajed A. “The Challenges Of Execution Of Islamic Criminal Law In Developing Muslim Countries: An Analysis Based On Islamic Principles And Existing Legal System.” Edited By Francis D. Boateng. Cogent Social Sciences 7, No. 1 (January 1, 2021). Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/23311886.2021.1925413.
Alpaten, Ulil Albab Al Aulia, And Rustam Dahar Karnadi Apollo Harahap. “Integrasi Teori Diyat Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam Dengan Pendekatan Restorative Justice Dalam Sistem Hukum Pidana Indonesia.” Khatulistiwa Law Review 6, No. 2 (October 14, 2025): 121–37. Https://Doi.Org/10.24260/Klr.V6i2.5079.
Aprilliany Zahra Nur Azzalia Jacob, Rabith Madah Khulaili Harsya, Dian Rositasari, Ainurrafiqa Pelupessy, And Muhammad Fachrur Razy Mahka. “Comprehensive Study Of Mass Poisoning Mbg Program (Legal, Health, Human Rights, Social Perspectives).” Jurnal Teknologi Dan Manajemen Industri Terapan 4, No. 3 (September 29, 2025): 2221–25. Https://Doi.Org/10.55826/Jtmit.V4i3.1583.
Aronson, Jeffrey K. “When I Use A Word . . . ‘Publish Or Perish’: Problems And Solutions.” Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.) 390 (2025): R1629. Https://Doi.Org/10.1136/Bmj.R1629.
Basit, Muhammad, And Hikmah Ramadani. “Analisis Implementasi Program Makan Bergizi Gratis Terhadap Perkembangan Ekonomi.” Journal Of Economics Development Research 1, No. 2 (May 25, 2025): 49–54. Https://Doi.Org/10.71094/Joeder.V1i2.105.
Daeli, Natalia Minatria, Suka’aro Waruwu, Serniati Zebua, And Palindungan Lahagu. “Analysis Of The Role Of Industrial Relations In Improving Employee Performance At The Population And Civil Registration Service Of West Nias Regency.” Jurnal Ilmiah Metadata 7, No. 3 (November 3, 2025): 88–91. Https://Doi.Org/10.47652/Metadata.V7i3.905.
Deutsch, Stephanie Anne, And Erin O’brien. “Child Torture Victimization: Review Of Criminal Statutes And Medico-Legal Issues.” Child Abuse & Neglect 151 (May 2024): 106750. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Chiabu.2024.106750.
Dwi, Rahmawati. “Menkes Ungkap Temuan Penyebab Keracunan Mbg, Ada 8 Bakteri Hingga 2 Virus.” Detik News, 2025.
Halim, Samihah Khalil, And Rusniah Ahmad. “School Of Law, College Of Law, Government And International Studies, Universiti Utara Malaysia” 10, No. July (2019): 45–77.
Ismail, Paizah. “Pelaksanaan Diyat Dalam Kerangka Perundangan Di Malaysia: Cabaran Fiqh Semasa.” Jurnal Fiqh 9, No. 1 (December 30, 2012): 1–20. Https://Doi.Org/10.22452/Fiqh.Vol9no1.1.
Khalil, Shahidra Abdul, Nor Fahimah Mohd Razif, And Muhammad Ikhlas Rosele. “Developing Ijtihad Skills For Undergraduate Students Through Problem-Based Learning In Fiqh Subjects: Present Practices And The Way Forward.” Asia Pacific Journal Of Educators And Education 39, No. 2 (December 31, 2024): 197–217. Https://Doi.Org/10.21315/Apjee2024.39.2.11.
Khodadadi, Bahman. “‘Nowhere But Everywhere’: The Principle Of Legality And The Complexities Of Judicial Discretion In Iran.” Iranian Studies 57, No. 4 (October 27, 2024): 651–70. Https://Doi.Org/10.1017/Irn.2024.23.
Kuncoro, Wahyu, Husni, Effendi, And M Gaussyah. “Legislation Concept Of Sexual Violence Towards A Child In The Acts And The Qanun Jinayat.” Journal Of Law And Sustainable Development 12, No. 2 (February 8, 2024): E3004. Https://Doi.Org/10.55908/Sdgs.V12i2.3004.
Latemmamala, Andi Fitrah, And Faiz Ahmad Fachri. “Reconstructing Legal Liability And Division Of Authority: Mitigating Mass Poisoning In The Free Nutritious Meal Program.” Sign Jurnal Hukum 7, No. 2 (February 16, 2026): 1275–92. Https://Doi.Org/10.37276/Sjh.V7i2.637.
Lestari, Wilda. “Ta’zir Crimes In Islamic Criminal Law: Definition Legal Basis Types And Punishments.” Al-Qanun: Jurnal Kajian Sosial Dan Hukum Islam 5, No. 1 (March 30, 2024): 22. Https://Doi.Org/10.58836/Al-Qanun.V5i1.21486.
Lo, Camilla Kin-Ming, And Yuet Wing Cho. “Community-Based Interventions To Reduce Child Maltreatment.” Research On Social Work Practice 31, No. 6 (September 19, 2021): 621–33. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/1049731520986968.
Muhamad Darwisy Mohd Razali, Lukman Abdul Mutalib, Wan Abdul Fattah Wan Ismail, Ahmad Syukran Baharuddin, Radzniwan A Rashid, And Naji Arafat Haji Mahat. “Historical Analysis, Concept Of Diat And Its Rate, And Its Suitability For Implementation In Malaysia Sejarah, Konsep Diat Dan Kadarnya Serta Kesesuaian Pelaksanaannya Di Malaysia.” Al-Qanatir: International Journal Of Islamic Studies 32, No. 1 (2023): 12–22.
Mulyosudarmo, Suviana Suwoto, Vieta Imelda Cornelis, Fritz Edward Siregar, Siti Marwiyah P, And Wahyu Prawesthi. “Free Nutritious School Meal Programs In Indonesia And The Netherlands: A Comparative Analysis Of Legal Foundations And Constitutional Rights.” Constitutional Law Society 4, No. 2 (September 30, 2025): 233–54. Https://Doi.Org/10.36448/Cls.V4i2.123.
Muqoffi, Muqoffi, Sutiah Sutiah, Marno Marno, And Fahmi Fahmi. “Wacana Anti Madzhab Muatan Materi Fikih Dalam Buku Ajar Pendidikan Agama Islam.” Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 22, No. 1 (June 30, 2024): 123–58. Https://Doi.Org/10.31291/Jlka.V22i1.1193.
Peno, Michał, And Olgierd Bogucki. “Principles Of Criminal Liability From The Semiotic Point Of View.” International Journal For The Semiotics Of Law - Revue Internationale De Sémiotique Juridique 34, No. 2 (April 10, 2021): 561–78. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S11196-020-09691-Z.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Perlindungan Konsumen (1999).
———. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pangan, 1 § (2012).
———. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 Tentang Hukum Acara Pidana (1981).
Retno Widyastuti, Pravitri. “Data Lengkap Bgn Kasus Keracunan Mbg Per 30 September 2025.” Www.Tribunnews.Com, 2025. Https://Doi.Org/Https://Www.Tribunnews.Com/Nasional/7735998/Data-Lengkap-Bgn-Kasus-Keracunan-Mbg-Per-30-September-2025-Pulau-Jawa-Tembus-4000-Korban.
Ulum, Miftahul, Nasiri Nasiri, And Nora Repo. “Comparative Study On Criminal Penalties According To The Perspective Of Islamic Criminal Law And The Indonesian Criminal Law Code.” Al-Insyiroh: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 9, No. 1 (March 30, 2023): 210–33. Https://Doi.Org/10.35309/Alinsyiroh.V9i1.231.
Wisnu Puteri, Rheyna, And Kaharuddin Kaharuddin. “The Implementation Of Class Action As A Legal Effort For Mass Poisoning Victims In The Free Nutritional Meal Program.” Eduvest - Journal Of Universal Studies 6, No. 1 (January 5, 2026): 83–91. Https://Doi.Org/10.59188/Eduvest.V6i1.52659.
Zaman, M. Badruz, Imam Mawardi, And Muhammad Yusril Muna. “Local Wisdom For Peacebuilding In Java: An Analysis Of Religious Moderation In Shodiq Hamzah’s Tafsīr Al-Bayān.” Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 22, No. 2 (December 31, 2024): 455–82. Https://Doi.Org/10.31291/Jlka.V22i2.1295.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Muh Tabran
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are accessible to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so reasonably but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits
