The Implementation of Fiqh Siyasah in Indonesia's Democratic System
: The Perspective of Abdul Wahhab Khallaf
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61842/swq/v3i1.25
Abstract
In modern legal thought, the relationship between Islam and politics is often debated, with some scholars arguing that Islam does not regulate politics, while others view it as a comprehensive religion that encompasses the formation of the state and its political apparatus, with supreme power originating from God. This study aims to analyze Abdul Wahhāb Khallāf’s perspective on Islamic politics and its application within Indonesia’s democratic system, using a library research method and a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach, referring to Khallāf’s main work As-Siyāsah As-Syar’iyyah Fī Syu’ūn Ad-Dustūriyyah Wa Al-Khārijiyyah Wa Al-Māliyah. The findings show that Khallāf sees a symbiotic relationship between Islam and politics, with his leadership theory emphasizing justice, public participation, and the protection of individual rights, which aligns with the principles of democracy in Indonesia. Khallāf’s thinking also supports a balanced distribution of power between the executive, legislative, and judiciary, in accordance with the principles of checks and balances in a democratic system. Thus, this study concludes that Abdul Wahhāb Khallāf’s ideas can provide significant contributions to strengthening Indonesia’s democratic system, provided they are applied with contextual interpretation and responsiveness to changing times.
References
Abdul Jafar, Wahyu. “IMPLEMENTASI NILAI NILAI FIQH SIYASAH DALAM PERATURAN DAERAH (PERDA) SYARI’AH.” AL IMARAH : JURNAL PEMERINTAHAN DAN POLITIK ISLAM 4, no. 1 (August 20, 2019): 83–96. https://doi.org/10.29300/imr.v4i1.2169.
Ahadiya, Ikrima Amira. “IMPLEMENTASI PEMIKIRAN POLITIK AL MAUDUDI DALAM DINAMIKA POLITIK KONTEMPORER.” Politea : Jurnal Politik Islam 5, no. 1 (June 18, 2022): 17–36. https://doi.org/10.20414/politea.v5i1.4537.
Ahwadzy, Muhammad Arfan, and Abdurrahman Kafabihi. “Paham Relativitas Kebenaran Dalam Pluralisme Agama Abdul Karim Soroush.” Hikamia: Jurnal Pemikiran Tasawuf Dan Peradaban Islam 5, no. 1 (April 7, 2025): 26–45. https://doi.org/10.58572/hkm.v5i1.147.
Al-Andalusi, Abu al-Walid. Al-Muntaqā Syarh al-Muwaṭṭa. Kairo: Matba’ah as-Sa’ādah, 1332.
Al-Jauziyyah, Ibn Qayyim. At-Ṭuruq al-Ḥukmiyyah. Kairo: Maktabah al-Bayān, 1431.
Al-Māwardi, Abu Hasan Ali bin Muhammad. Tashīl An-Naẓar Wa Ta’jīl Az-Ẓafr, Fī Akhlāq Al-Mulk. Beirut: Dār An-Nahdah, 1431.
Al-Miṣrī, Zainuddīn Ibn Najīm. Al-Baḥr Ar-Rāiq Syarḥ Kanz Ad-Daqāiq. 1–10 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Islāmi, 1431.
Al-Qazwainī, Abū Abdillah Muḥammad bin Yazīd bin Mājah. Sunan Ibn Mājah. Beirut: Dār al-Muassasah ar-Risālah, 1982.
Anas, Mālik bin. Al-Muwaṭṭa al-Imām Mālik. Kairo: Muassasah ar-Risālah, 1412.
Arisman, Arisman, and Lukmanul Hakim. “Pemikiran Sosiologi Politik Islam Abdul Wahhab Khallaf.” An-Nida’ 45, no. 1 (February 22, 2022): 1. https://doi.org/10.24014/an-nida.v45i1.16528.
Ar-Ramlī, Syihabuddin Muḥammad. Nihāyah Al-Muḥtāj Bi Syarḥ al-Minhāj. 1–6 vols. Beirut: Dār Al-Fikr, 1984.
Ar-Rāziq, Alī ‘Abd. Al-Islām Wa Uṣūl al-Ḥukm: Baḥs Fī al-Khilāfah Wa al-Ḥukūmah Fī al-Islām. Kairo: Dār al-Kitāb al-Miṣri, 2012.
As-Syairāzī, Abdurrahman. Al-Manhaj al-Maslūk Fi Siyāsah al-Mulk. Kairo: Maktabah al-Manār, 1987.
At-Ṭabrāni, Abu al-Qāsim. Al-Mu’jām al-Kabīr. Kairo: Maktabah Ibn Taimiyyah, 1994.
At-Ṭantāwi, Muhammad. Tafsīr Al-Wasīṭ. Kairo: Dār an-Nahḍah, 1997.
‘Audah, Abd al-Qādir. At-Tasyri’ al-Jinā’i al-Islāmi. Beirut: Dār al-Kātib al-Arabi, 1431.
Butarbutar, Muhammad Zulkifli, Karmila Damanik, and Marzuki. “Menilik Perkembangan Pemikiran Politik Islam Masa Modern (Sebuah Pembacaan Awal).” Hijaz: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 1, no. 4 (July 16, 2022): 6–10. https://doi.org/10.57251/hij.v1i4.451.
Fakultas Ushuluddin, Filsafat dan Politik UIN Alauddin Makassar, and Burhanuddin Yusuf. “POLITIK DALAM ISLAM: MAKNA, TUJUAN DAN FALSAFAH (Kajian Atas Konsep Era Klasik).” Aqidah-ta : Jurnal Ilmu Aqidah 4, no. 1 (June 27, 2018): 114–30. https://doi.org/10.24252/aqidahta.v4i1.5653.
Gusmansyah, Wery. “TRIAS POLITICA DALAM PERSPEKTIF FIKIH SIYASAH.” AL IMARAH : JURNAL PEMERINTAHAN DAN POLITIK ISLAM 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2019). https://doi.org/10.29300/imr.v2i2.1448.
Hamzani, Achmad Irwan, and Havis Aravik. POLITIK ISLAM: Sejarah dan Pemikiran. Penerbit NEM, 2021.
Hanafi, Muchlis Muhammad. “Konsep Ḥākimiyyah: Menimbang Ayat Suci dan Ayat Konstitusi dalam Negara Demokrasi.” SUHUF 15, no. 1 (October 11, 2022): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.22548/shf.v15i1.734.
Ḥusain, Ṭāhā. Mustaqbāl As-Ṡaqāfah Fi al-Miṣr. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Lubnāny, 1973.
Ibn Khaldūn, Abū Zaid Wali ad-Dīn Abd ar-Raḥmān bin Muḥammad Ibn Khaldūn. Muqaddimah Ibn Khaldūn. Damaskus: Dār Al-Fikr, 1981.
Kamil, Sukron. Pemikiran Politik Islam Tematik: Agama Dan Negara, Demokrasi, Civil Society, Syariah Dan HAM, Fundamentalisme, Dan Antikorupsi. Jakarta: Kencana, 2013.
Kasih, Ekawahyu. “Pelaksanaan Prinsip- Prinsip Demokrasi Dalam Sistem Politik Di Indonesia Guna Mewujudkan Keadilan Sosial Bagi Seluruh Rakyat Indonesia” 6 (August 15, 2020): 49–68.
Khallāf, Abdul Wahhāb. As-Siyāsah As-Syar’iyyah Fī Syu’ūn Ad-Dustūriyyah Wa Al-Khārijiyyah Wa Al-Māliyah. Kairo: Al-Maṭba’ah As-Salafiyyah, 1935.
Khatimah, Khusnul, Atiqah Amalya Azzahra, Diva Fitaloka Otaviani, and Surya Sukti. “Negara Pancasila dalam Perspektif Fikih Siyasah.” INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research 4, no. 3 (June 2, 2024): 9004–16. https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/view/11501.
Mubasyaroh, Mubasyaroh. “Pola Kepemimpinan Rasulullah: Cerminan Sistem Politik Islam.” POLITEA 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 95. https://doi.org/10.21043/politea.v1i2.4488.
Munawwir, Ahmad Warson. Kamus Al-Munawwir. Surabaya: Pustaka Progresif, 1997.
Sjadzali, Munawir. Islam Dan Tata Negara : Ajaran, Sejarah Dan Pemikiran. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia (UI-Press), 1993.
Surono, Yudi, Anita, and Diana. “Memaknai Negara, Agama, dan Ideologi Politik dalam Kajian Fiqih Kontemporer.” An-Najah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Dan Sosial Agama 3, no. 2 (March 24, 2024): 34–45. https://journal.nabest.id/index.php/annajah.
Syubair, Usmān. Abdul Wahhāb Khallāf: Al-Faqīh al-Uṣūli al-Mujaddid. Damaskus: Dār al-Qalam, 2010.
Tim Penyusun Kamus Pusat Bahasa. Kamus Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa Depdiknas, 2008.
Wildan Fatoni Yusuf and Hilmi Husaini Zuhri. “TELAAH HADIS KEPEMIMPINAN QURAISY MELALUI PENDEKATAN SOSIO-HISTORIS.” Al-Shamela : Journal of Quranic and Hadith Studies 1, no. 2 (October 10, 2023): 197–213. https://doi.org/10.61994/alshamela.v1i2.182.
Zulkifli, Zulhelmi, Khothibul Umam, and Khairunnisak. Pemikiran Abdullahi Ahmed An-Naim Tentang Relasi Islam Dan Negara. Tanggerang: Pusatakapedia Indonesia, 2020. https://perpustakaan.idaqu.ac.id/opac/detail-opac?id=379.
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Ahwadzy, M. A. (2025). The Implementation of Fiqh Siyasah in Indonesia’s Democratic System: The Perspective of Abdul Wahhab Khallaf. Siyasah Wa Qanuniyah : Jurnal Ilmiah Ma’had Aly Raudhatul Ma’arif, 3(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.61842/swq/v3i1.25
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Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Arfan Ahwadzy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are accessible to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so reasonably but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61842/swq/v3i1.25Abstract
In modern legal thought, the relationship between Islam and politics is often debated, with some scholars arguing that Islam does not regulate politics, while others view it as a comprehensive religion that encompasses the formation of the state and its political apparatus, with supreme power originating from God. This study aims to analyze Abdul Wahhāb Khallāf’s perspective on Islamic politics and its application within Indonesia’s democratic system, using a library research method and a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach, referring to Khallāf’s main work As-Siyāsah As-Syar’iyyah Fī Syu’ūn Ad-Dustūriyyah Wa Al-Khārijiyyah Wa Al-Māliyah. The findings show that Khallāf sees a symbiotic relationship between Islam and politics, with his leadership theory emphasizing justice, public participation, and the protection of individual rights, which aligns with the principles of democracy in Indonesia. Khallāf’s thinking also supports a balanced distribution of power between the executive, legislative, and judiciary, in accordance with the principles of checks and balances in a democratic system. Thus, this study concludes that Abdul Wahhāb Khallāf’s ideas can provide significant contributions to strengthening Indonesia’s democratic system, provided they are applied with contextual interpretation and responsiveness to changing times.
References
Abdul Jafar, Wahyu. “IMPLEMENTASI NILAI NILAI FIQH SIYASAH DALAM PERATURAN DAERAH (PERDA) SYARI’AH.” AL IMARAH : JURNAL PEMERINTAHAN DAN POLITIK ISLAM 4, no. 1 (August 20, 2019): 83–96. https://doi.org/10.29300/imr.v4i1.2169.
Ahadiya, Ikrima Amira. “IMPLEMENTASI PEMIKIRAN POLITIK AL MAUDUDI DALAM DINAMIKA POLITIK KONTEMPORER.” Politea : Jurnal Politik Islam 5, no. 1 (June 18, 2022): 17–36. https://doi.org/10.20414/politea.v5i1.4537.
Ahwadzy, Muhammad Arfan, and Abdurrahman Kafabihi. “Paham Relativitas Kebenaran Dalam Pluralisme Agama Abdul Karim Soroush.” Hikamia: Jurnal Pemikiran Tasawuf Dan Peradaban Islam 5, no. 1 (April 7, 2025): 26–45. https://doi.org/10.58572/hkm.v5i1.147.
Al-Andalusi, Abu al-Walid. Al-Muntaqā Syarh al-Muwaṭṭa. Kairo: Matba’ah as-Sa’ādah, 1332.
Al-Jauziyyah, Ibn Qayyim. At-Ṭuruq al-Ḥukmiyyah. Kairo: Maktabah al-Bayān, 1431.
Al-Māwardi, Abu Hasan Ali bin Muhammad. Tashīl An-Naẓar Wa Ta’jīl Az-Ẓafr, Fī Akhlāq Al-Mulk. Beirut: Dār An-Nahdah, 1431.
Al-Miṣrī, Zainuddīn Ibn Najīm. Al-Baḥr Ar-Rāiq Syarḥ Kanz Ad-Daqāiq. 1–10 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Islāmi, 1431.
Al-Qazwainī, Abū Abdillah Muḥammad bin Yazīd bin Mājah. Sunan Ibn Mājah. Beirut: Dār al-Muassasah ar-Risālah, 1982.
Anas, Mālik bin. Al-Muwaṭṭa al-Imām Mālik. Kairo: Muassasah ar-Risālah, 1412.
Arisman, Arisman, and Lukmanul Hakim. “Pemikiran Sosiologi Politik Islam Abdul Wahhab Khallaf.” An-Nida’ 45, no. 1 (February 22, 2022): 1. https://doi.org/10.24014/an-nida.v45i1.16528.
Ar-Ramlī, Syihabuddin Muḥammad. Nihāyah Al-Muḥtāj Bi Syarḥ al-Minhāj. 1–6 vols. Beirut: Dār Al-Fikr, 1984.
Ar-Rāziq, Alī ‘Abd. Al-Islām Wa Uṣūl al-Ḥukm: Baḥs Fī al-Khilāfah Wa al-Ḥukūmah Fī al-Islām. Kairo: Dār al-Kitāb al-Miṣri, 2012.
As-Syairāzī, Abdurrahman. Al-Manhaj al-Maslūk Fi Siyāsah al-Mulk. Kairo: Maktabah al-Manār, 1987.
At-Ṭabrāni, Abu al-Qāsim. Al-Mu’jām al-Kabīr. Kairo: Maktabah Ibn Taimiyyah, 1994.
At-Ṭantāwi, Muhammad. Tafsīr Al-Wasīṭ. Kairo: Dār an-Nahḍah, 1997.
‘Audah, Abd al-Qādir. At-Tasyri’ al-Jinā’i al-Islāmi. Beirut: Dār al-Kātib al-Arabi, 1431.
Butarbutar, Muhammad Zulkifli, Karmila Damanik, and Marzuki. “Menilik Perkembangan Pemikiran Politik Islam Masa Modern (Sebuah Pembacaan Awal).” Hijaz: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 1, no. 4 (July 16, 2022): 6–10. https://doi.org/10.57251/hij.v1i4.451.
Fakultas Ushuluddin, Filsafat dan Politik UIN Alauddin Makassar, and Burhanuddin Yusuf. “POLITIK DALAM ISLAM: MAKNA, TUJUAN DAN FALSAFAH (Kajian Atas Konsep Era Klasik).” Aqidah-ta : Jurnal Ilmu Aqidah 4, no. 1 (June 27, 2018): 114–30. https://doi.org/10.24252/aqidahta.v4i1.5653.
Gusmansyah, Wery. “TRIAS POLITICA DALAM PERSPEKTIF FIKIH SIYASAH.” AL IMARAH : JURNAL PEMERINTAHAN DAN POLITIK ISLAM 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2019). https://doi.org/10.29300/imr.v2i2.1448.
Hamzani, Achmad Irwan, and Havis Aravik. POLITIK ISLAM: Sejarah dan Pemikiran. Penerbit NEM, 2021.
Hanafi, Muchlis Muhammad. “Konsep Ḥākimiyyah: Menimbang Ayat Suci dan Ayat Konstitusi dalam Negara Demokrasi.” SUHUF 15, no. 1 (October 11, 2022): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.22548/shf.v15i1.734.
Ḥusain, Ṭāhā. Mustaqbāl As-Ṡaqāfah Fi al-Miṣr. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Lubnāny, 1973.
Ibn Khaldūn, Abū Zaid Wali ad-Dīn Abd ar-Raḥmān bin Muḥammad Ibn Khaldūn. Muqaddimah Ibn Khaldūn. Damaskus: Dār Al-Fikr, 1981.
Kamil, Sukron. Pemikiran Politik Islam Tematik: Agama Dan Negara, Demokrasi, Civil Society, Syariah Dan HAM, Fundamentalisme, Dan Antikorupsi. Jakarta: Kencana, 2013.
Kasih, Ekawahyu. “Pelaksanaan Prinsip- Prinsip Demokrasi Dalam Sistem Politik Di Indonesia Guna Mewujudkan Keadilan Sosial Bagi Seluruh Rakyat Indonesia” 6 (August 15, 2020): 49–68.
Khallāf, Abdul Wahhāb. As-Siyāsah As-Syar’iyyah Fī Syu’ūn Ad-Dustūriyyah Wa Al-Khārijiyyah Wa Al-Māliyah. Kairo: Al-Maṭba’ah As-Salafiyyah, 1935.
Khatimah, Khusnul, Atiqah Amalya Azzahra, Diva Fitaloka Otaviani, and Surya Sukti. “Negara Pancasila dalam Perspektif Fikih Siyasah.” INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research 4, no. 3 (June 2, 2024): 9004–16. https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/view/11501.
Mubasyaroh, Mubasyaroh. “Pola Kepemimpinan Rasulullah: Cerminan Sistem Politik Islam.” POLITEA 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 95. https://doi.org/10.21043/politea.v1i2.4488.
Munawwir, Ahmad Warson. Kamus Al-Munawwir. Surabaya: Pustaka Progresif, 1997.
Sjadzali, Munawir. Islam Dan Tata Negara : Ajaran, Sejarah Dan Pemikiran. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia (UI-Press), 1993.
Surono, Yudi, Anita, and Diana. “Memaknai Negara, Agama, dan Ideologi Politik dalam Kajian Fiqih Kontemporer.” An-Najah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Dan Sosial Agama 3, no. 2 (March 24, 2024): 34–45. https://journal.nabest.id/index.php/annajah.
Syubair, Usmān. Abdul Wahhāb Khallāf: Al-Faqīh al-Uṣūli al-Mujaddid. Damaskus: Dār al-Qalam, 2010.
Tim Penyusun Kamus Pusat Bahasa. Kamus Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa Depdiknas, 2008.
Wildan Fatoni Yusuf and Hilmi Husaini Zuhri. “TELAAH HADIS KEPEMIMPINAN QURAISY MELALUI PENDEKATAN SOSIO-HISTORIS.” Al-Shamela : Journal of Quranic and Hadith Studies 1, no. 2 (October 10, 2023): 197–213. https://doi.org/10.61994/alshamela.v1i2.182.
Zulkifli, Zulhelmi, Khothibul Umam, and Khairunnisak. Pemikiran Abdullahi Ahmed An-Naim Tentang Relasi Islam Dan Negara. Tanggerang: Pusatakapedia Indonesia, 2020. https://perpustakaan.idaqu.ac.id/opac/detail-opac?id=379.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Arfan Ahwadzy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are accessible to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so reasonably but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits
